Modern trend in nanoscience from supramolecular chemistry to constitutional dynamic chemistry and adaptive chemistry can be amplified by paradigm shift in chemism from adaptive designing and Darwinian selection to conservative designing and Lamarckian selection. Using combustion as an example of transformation with the dimension of becoming DT = log3 / log2 ≈ 1.5850 at all scales or the dimension of becoming DT = log7 / log2 ≈ 2.8074 at all scales, we demonstrate the new apparatus criticus that provides a means for taking into account the non-arithmetic character of the fractals as a factor of Lamarckian self-organization in diversified systems which adhere to the laws of random close packing.

1Донецкий национальный университет (г.Донецк, Украина),
2Гифу университет (г.Гифу, Япония)

1Donetsk National University (Donetsk, Ukraine),
2Gifu University (Gifu, Japan)

In this paper we demonstrate the possibility to make the ZnO columnar structure with different parameters using electrochemical deposition method from acquire solution. The influence of concentration of ZnCl2 on the condition (crystal size, photoluminescence, transmission spectra) of films has been investigated. With different time of deposition there is possibility to fabricate the textured structure with direction <0001>. At ZnCl2 concentration lower than 1 mM the crystal size is equivalent.

В данной работе рассматриваются структура и оптические свойства пленок оксида цинка, полученных электрохимическим осаждением из водного растворa при разных концентрациях ZnCl2.

Peculiarities in the linear ordering of space structures in quasi-one-dimensional Coulomb clusters are investigated. Confining potential is chosen to originate from the uniform cylindrical background on a finite length scale. Linear ordered electron structures of any dimensionality exist within the model used. In present work we concentrate on the extended planar structures consisted of two electronic chains. It is shown that the boundary values of system parameters, which are coincident with planar structures, can be derived from the dispersion law for a transverse motion in a planar phase. Changers in space distributions due to the transition from a planar structure to a double helix one, both linear ordered structures, are also performed for a cluster system containing 25 electrons.

1 Государственное научно-практическое объединение “Научно-практический центр НАН Беларуси по материаловедению ”, Республика Беларусь, г. Минск
2Научно-исследовательский институт физико-химических проблем БГУ, г. Минск

1 SSPA “Scientific-Practical Materials Research Centre of NAS of Belarus”, Minsk
2Research Institute of Physical and Chemical Problems, BSU, Minsk

The ways (the method of mechanochemical activation and the method of doping) for an improvement of piezoelectric parameters of ceramic samples prepared on the basis of the Pb(Nb2/3Zn1/3)O3-Pb(Zr1/2Ti1/2)O3 (PZN-PZT) system using the low-temperature synthesis and sintering are studied. The results of the investigation of physical properties of ceramic materials of the PZN-PZT system doped with Ga+3 and Mn+2 ions are presented. It was found that an insertion of Ga+3 ions causes an increase of dielectric permittivity and of piezo modules d31 and d33. It was shown that the presence of Mn+2 ions reduces the dielectric permittivity and changes the mechanism of sintering of ceramics. It was found that the rule of additivity is fulfilled for dielectric permittivity and for dielectric loss tangent if substitutional defects Ga+3 and Mn+2 are present in ceramics.

Целью данной работы являлось изучение физических свойств и особенностей кристаллической структуры керамических материалов системы PNZ-PZT с высокими значениями пьезоэлектрических параметров, полученных при низких температурах синтеза и спекания.
Для достижения указанной цели в качестве объекта для исследований был выбран твердый раствор 0.2Pb(Nb2/3Zn1/3)O3-0.8Pb(Zr1/2Ti1/2)O3, состав которого, согласно [1-2], находится вблизи границы морфотропной области и имеет структуру перовскита с тетрагональным искажением кристаллической решетки.

By means of low-energy electron diffraction, contact potential difference, Auger electron spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy methods we studied the formation of surface alloys under annealing of Dy, Gd, Sr and Be films adsorbed on the Mo(1 1 2) surface. The surface alloys are formed as nanodispersed systems of oligomer clusters in the Dy and Sr films, as step arrays in the Gd ones, and as nanocrystals in the Ве ones. The Dy films, forming Dy-Мо surface alloy on annealing, are shown to undergo a transition to a two-dimensional glass state on subsequent cooling (hardening) to low temperatures while the surface alloys of Ве and Gd with Мо(1 1 2) retain a crystal state.

The results of research of processes of forming of films of Ba – hexaferrite and Bi-Gd garnet obtained by the methods of ion-beam deposition on of gadolinium- gallium garnets are presented. As a result of an ion-beam deposition from data of Mossbauer spectroscopy of conversion electrons the amorphous paramagnetic films of Ba – hexaferrite are formed. Phase composition is inhomogeneous on the thick-ness of tapes. The ion-beam deposition Ba – hexaferrite films resulted to formation of amorphous paramagnetic layers which transformed into magnetic ordering state un-der thermal ageing. The deposition of bismuth – gadolinium garnet films also con-ducted with formation of amorphous paramagnetic layers and later crystallization of magnetic ordering films under thermal ageing and ion implantation. The ion implan-tation of Не+ ions with energy E=26 keV and fluence Ф=2,25∙1014 сm-2 is the most effective and therefore rotated the axis of easy magnetization into film plane.

Целью данной работы являлось исследование с применением ядерно-физических методов анализа и контроля структурно- фазового состояния, эле-ментного и фазового состава тонкопленочных структур, в частности, тонких пленок гексаферрита бария и висмут-гаолиниевого граната после их синтеза методом ионно- лучевого осаждения, последующего термического отжига и ионной имплантации.

The results of research of structure - phase transformations in alpha-iron and steels after impulsive laser and ion influence on surface are presented. The irradiating by ions of nitrogen and the titan of ferritic steel 20 causes creation in surface layer (up to 0,3 mkm) nitride of iron and phase iron - titanium. Pulsing laser effect on a surface of an alpha-iron causes formation in a near-surface layer of the initial ferromagnetic ma-terial of a significant amount of an austenitic paramagnetic phase (up to 30 %). At an irradiation on a surface of iron along with creation of a paramagnetic phase the stepped structures of wavy type caused by processes of melting-down and superfast refrigerating of surface layer have been created.

Целью данной работы являлось исследования структуры и фазового состава поверхностных слоев альфа-железа и сталей с различным содержанием углеро-да после импульсного лазерного и ионного облучения.

The method of optical detecting nuclear γ - resonant spectra of dispersion at the analysis of a surface of pure iron and DSO-iron is proposed. It is revealed that the gas category in proportional detectors is accompanied highlighting optical photons. The technique of registration of the optical spectra connected with the gas category in proportional detector MSCE is developed. Simultaneously received spectra are com-pared: electronic spectra of dispersion and the spectra received by means of registra-tion of an integrated optical luminescence, accompanying the gas category. It is re-vealed that optical (photon) spectra of return dispersion are registered in a case when electrons, radiated of blankets deformed foils gland. It proves to be true comparison of photon spectra with the received experimental dependences of relative intensity of lines of a spectrum of dispersion on a hade γ – quanta.

Целью данной работы являлось совершенствование методики послойного анализа приповерхностных слоев α-железа путем регистрации оптического (фо-тонного) излучения, связанного с газовым разрядом при регистрации электро-нов внутренней конверсии в пропорциональном детекторе и анализа угловых зависимостей рассеянного излучения в мессбауэровской спектроскопии кон-версионных электронов (МСКЭ).

The method of nanostructured oxide fibers and powders synthesis was devoted. The mechanism of forming alumina, zirconia, solid solution, spinel and differential oxide fibers was established. Their structure and physical-chemical properties were investigated. Nanostructured fibers and powders may be used as well fillers for composite materials and as initial substances for preparing dense and porous ceramics.

Целью настоящей работы было исследовать процесс и механизм формирования наноструктурных волокон и порошков тугоплавких оксидов с использованием метода «biomimetic», изучить зависимости их кристаллической и пористой структуры от условий синтеза и температуры термообработки.

In this paper influence of treatment scheme by shock waves on structure of the steel 30 was investigated. In case of using the two-layer charge gives crushing of microstuture and uniform increase of durability.

In this paper kinetics of crystallization in the molecular dynamic model of aluminum has been studied. Data obtained concerning nucleation rates, growth velocities and structure of nanocrystals of different sizes are discussed. Differences in entropy and chemical potentials of co-existent phases are calculated after measurements of enthalpies in dependence on the temperature and nanocrystal size. Model for analytical description of growth of very small crystals is proposed

В настоящей работе изучается влияние размерных эффектов на образования и рост кристаллов в молекулярно-динамической модели алюминия. Притом, определяются зависимости теплоты плавления и разности химических потен-циалов фаз не только от температуры, но и от размера центров кристаллизации.

Composite materials containing carbon nanomaterial “Taunit” and polyaniline were obtained. There were determined the optimal conditions of the oxidative polymerization process providing high yield of polyaniline and uniform coating of the CNT surface with polyaniline. Thermal stafity of the composites obtained has been studied.

In this work the influence of discharge in the aqueous solution of boron containing electrolyte on surface structure metals and alloys were investigated. During the discharge action was occurred the changing in the surface structure of cathode at the expense of strength rise in the structure metal produced by a dislocations and carbon redistribution, grains deformation, nanostructure formations on the grains boundary as a result of particle diffusion from the cathode region. The electrolytic plasma action promotes the heterogenous structure formation on surface cathode that is typical for treatment with a high local heating and cooling rates.

В данной работе исследовали влияние разряда, возникающего в водном растворе электролита, содержащего бор на структуру поверхности металлов и сплавов при напряжении от 40 до 90В, силе токе в общей цепи от 2 до 10А, времени обработки до 20 -60 минут и более длительной до 60 часов.

The technique for the sol-gel synthesis of nanosize particles of substituted lanthanum manganites at low temperatures (600-800°С) has been developed. The effect of the pH of gels on the crystallization, particles’ size, and aggregation of nanoparticles has been shown. The electro-physical properties of obtained nanoparticles have been studied. The technique has been developed for coating the surface of lanthanum strontium manganites particles with silicon oxide. X-ray and IR spectroscopy of the coated nanoparticles have been carried out.

Thermal stability of nanostructured carbon nitride films under normal atmosphere conditions is one of the actual problem, in particular, for using as perspective nano-materials in hydrogen storage. Nanostructured carbon nitride films (CNx) were deposited by magnetron sputtering by the graphite target in pure nitrogen atmosphere or in mixture of nitrogen and oxygen (up to 5 at.%) onto melted glass substrates. Three varieties of films: diamondlike, graphitelike and nanostructured were obtained in experiment. Unusual effect of the mass and optical density increasing after UV-irradiation and short-time heating up to 260C was found in nanostructured films.

В данной работе исследовалась структура и оптические свойства пленок нитрида углерода, а также их термическая стабильность. Наноструктурные тонкие пленки CNx выращивались методом магнетронного распыления графита как в атмосфере чистого азота, так и с добавлением небольших концентраций травителя (кислорода, аммиака) при температурах не превышающих 400 0С. В отдельных случаях проводилось облучение ростовой поверхности пленок маломощным УФ-излучением (ртутная лампа ДРШ-250). Структурные исследования полученных пленок проводились при помощи сканирующей электронной микроскопии (JEOL JSM-6330F). Спектроскопические исследования пленок производились на спектрофотометре Shimadzu UV-2450 (в УФ- и видимом диапазоне спектра) и спектрометре KRATOS AXIS–165 (методами рентгеновской фотоэлектронной спектроскопии XPS).